zlacker

It looks like the decline at the end of the 19th century coincides with our ability to vaccinate against cholera, diphtheria, smallpox, and the other major epidemics listed on the chart.

>>kqr+(OP)
Also:

- Solid waste management and disposal.

- Sewerage systems (New York's came relatively late).

- As the somewhat provocative title of this article suggests, draining of swamps and other means of disease vector control.

- Refrigeration. General food safety improvements.

- Pasteurising milk. That would cut the transmission of TB markedly.

- Indoor plumbing.

- Indoor bathing -- showers and baths.

I haven't seen a breakdown. Laurie Garrett (NYTimes contributor) has long written on public health and epidemics, had a couple of books in the 1990s / early 2000s:

https://www.worldcat.org/title/betrayal-of-trust-the-collaps...

https://www.worldcat.org/title/coming-plague-newly-emerging-...