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[parent] [thread] 21 comments
1. natch+(OP)[view] [source] 2018-02-15 09:35:41
it’s fine and valid to research whether people encounter improper bias in their careers, which is clearly often the case. But their discussion is incomplete without at least recognition of another possible partial cause of gender disparity in tech, the fact that many sexist anti-STEM cues are given to children at a much earlier stage, way before careers are even on the horizon. These cues are delivered by parents, teachers, parents of friends, other adults, and other children. Cues can be as subtle as a wide-eyed look while reacting to the news that Sally wants to be a programmer, where Joey gets no such wide eyes for the same news. Any study that overlooks that cause, in order to focus only on the causes highlighted in recent dramatic episodes, is an example of the phenomenon mentioned in the title of the book their chapter appears in: Groupthink.
replies(7): >>Sidiou+X >>shard9+E1 >>joshvm+Z1 >>mbruce+92 >>bitL+k6 >>thinki+ja >>Veelox+dw
2. Sidiou+X[view] [source] 2018-02-15 09:54:59
>>natch+(OP)
> the fact that many sexist anti-STEM cues are given to children at a much earlier stage, way before careers are even on the horizon

It doesn't look like you read the article. It clearly stated that in countries like Finland and Sweden, where such cues are less likely to be given, there is a larger inequality in STEM. Meanwhile, in Iran there are more women in STEM. Do you think that in Iran young girls are more or less likely to be subjected to "harmful gender stereotypes" than in Sweden or Finland?

> Cues can be as subtle as a wide-eyed look while reacting ...

This was precisely addressed in the article. It goes by the name of micro-aggression. Go back and read about it.

replies(1): >>natch+G34
3. shard9+E1[view] [source] 2018-02-15 10:06:48
>>natch+(OP)
> the fact that many sexist anti-STEM cues are given to children at a much earlier stage, way before careers are even on the horizon.

Would you say that is a problem that can or should be fixed after the fact? For instance, if we assume that we know the major cause to be social conditioning at young ages should we then try to correct that after they leave education?

replies(1): >>natch+43
4. joshvm+Z1[view] [source] 2018-02-15 10:10:40
>>natch+(OP)
The authors describe this as microagression.

>Microaggressions are subtle behaviors (e.g., facial expressions) or statements that are not explicitly hostile but are nevertheless interpreted by the receiver as conveying contempt, stereotypical attitudes, or other negative beliefs.

replies(1): >>natch+f3
5. mbruce+92[view] [source] 2018-02-15 10:13:41
>>natch+(OP)
Is there any data on your ‘possible partial cause”?Otherwise, it supposition. As the article indicates it is easy to fear causes.
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6. natch+43[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 10:29:15
>>shard9+E1
Your question is orthogonal to my point. You seem to be wanting to be get to a different point. All I’m saying is that these social cues are often overlooked in these discussions.

As far as fixing the problem, no we can’t correct all limiting stereotypes overnight or even for a very long time. But we should work on it. The least we can do is be supportive of those who try to succeed in spite of the stereotypes.

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7. natch+f3[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 10:31:19
>>joshvm+Z1
They only describe it in the context of the workplace and in degree-granting institutions, not in earlier schools or in the home where minds are in their formative stages. It’s microagression for sure, but they are overlooking the more powerful instances of it.
8. bitL+k6[view] [source] 2018-02-15 11:22:58
>>natch+(OP)
Many girls decide at around age 12 that a better life strategy is for them to get a husband that will do all the heavy lifting. This obviously worked for thousands of years and is likely a result of evolution and specialization. I always admire when I meet an independent woman that rejected this conditioning but it's very rare :( Maybe there should be a better approach to early-teenage girls to help them to make a different choice that would not render them uncompetitive in STEM fields later? 10,000 hours to achieve mastery or childhood dedication seem to be increasingly more relevant in STEM, similarly to piano/violin virtuosos.
replies(3): >>roenxi+I8 >>mantas+fa >>jentho+0k
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9. roenxi+I8[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 12:01:01
>>bitL+k6
> likely a result of evolution and specialization

Economically speaking, I suspect this is more to do with the superior position of women, as a class, in setting the standards of what an acceptable relationship looks like.

If husbands are willing to do heavy lifting, wives would be economically irrational to do their own heavy lifting. I'm pretty suspicious that the deal offered to a housewife comes with better quality of life outcomes than the deal offered to most engineers. I've always assumed it is linked to the relative excess of young men to the number of young women (something like 107:100 or close to [1]).

It makes sense to me that the group with most power in establishing a relationship would choose not to be an engineer if they could be, say, mind the house.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratio

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10. mantas+fa[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 12:21:59
>>bitL+k6
Independent non-family women lead to less children. Thus society as a whole has motive to lead girls towards this specialization.
replies(1): >>bitL+Va
11. thinki+ja[view] [source] 2018-02-15 12:22:27
>>natch+(OP)
the article does address this topic. I think the implication is that these effects are lower in the Scandinavian countries, where children are given less bias as their societies are more equal. The article suggests that these effects are very low.
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12. bitL+Va[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 12:28:44
>>mantas+fa
This could be the culprit - those women, that became independent removed themselves and their traits from genetic pool due to not having children or having fewer of them. That might also explain persistence of religions that emphasize sexual relationships for reproduction only and banning abortions, as it leads to higher probability of carrying on with one's genotype. So what we are observing could be some stochastic optimum in some game theory of natural conditions. A question is if our civilization that could seemingly solve cutthroat problems of the past leading to brutal competition like food scarcity will have completely different, stable stochastic optima. I guess we will see (or generations after us).
replies(1): >>mantas+Yc
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13. mantas+Yc[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 13:01:12
>>bitL+Va
Indeed. I wonder wether civilisations after reaching certain step sort of goes into self-destruction mode.

Maybe deep down humans feel that they're at evolutionary dead end and decide to off themselves as a society? I could easily see why today's western society (and possibly others as well) may be far from optimal. Yet I'd prefer to try to fix it.

What is funniest, people advocating for "progress" etc frequently are those who have no children. Although old good "you're not grown up till you got kids" outlook is looked down nowadays, I can see why it'd make sense. If you don't have kids - you don't have skin in the long game. Nor experience what it's like to play in that mode. I wonder how the world would change if we'd only allow people with kids to vote and/or participate in politics.

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14. jentho+0k[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 14:11:06
>>bitL+k6
1. This just begs the question: why are men more ambitious and successful? 2. Clearly, this “decision” that women make when they’re 12 doesn’t effect them in many other fields, including life sciences, law, etc, because they are the majority in those fields.
replies(1): >>bitL+Bl
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15. bitL+Bl[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 14:25:12
>>jentho+0k
I think that's a bit biased - some men seem to be more ambitious/successful; the environment is brutal to men to compete with each other, often for scraps. There also seems to be way more men at the bottom of the pyramid, homeless ones, losers of evolutionary selection. Maybe we should start talking about them as well?

As why many girls make that "decision" at around 12 - they might be smarter and see that they don't have to work that much anymore. Maybe in the past when things like cooking for 10 people family or washing clothes/cleaning were super difficult the partners had to form a team; these days most of this is semi-automated and allows different strategies.

Do you really believe that girls aren't making conscious choice to stay away from "weird smelly" engineers in STEM fields that are now popular wrt. $/status but were completely undesirable 20 years ago? Have you grown up completely isolated from young females and couldn't observe what were their choices? Yes, I have seen a lot of men dissing them "just females, can't be good" (I hated it in my idealistic youth), but then later you observe their choices and they aren't doing themselves any favors either, usually picking "safe choices" instead of risky ones needed for success.

replies(1): >>jentho+oL
16. Veelox+dw[view] [source] 2018-02-15 15:35:25
>>natch+(OP)
While this theory makes sense, I find a rather large issue with it.

The basis for this argument is that both boys and girls are equally likely at birth to go into a given field. As they grow society gives cues to them that X is for boys and Y is for girls. These cues end up shaping preference and explain the large difference we see in the ratio of boys/girls in X. The issue I have with this theory is that it shouldn't apply only to STEM, it should work for all fields. Thus if instead of STEM we say Law or Finance or Medicine have cues then that should mess with the ratios there.

If you go back several decades the ratio of men/women in Engineering, Law, Finance, and Medicine were all equally low. As time moved on the ratios improved in Law, Finance, and Medicine but not in Engineering/STEM. If you want to claim cues as a major factor in the current STEM ratio you have to explain either

1) why unchanging cultural cues were not the reason for the improvement in Law/Finance/Medicine but still negatively affected STEM or 2) why the cultural cues when away for the other fields and not STEM

I haven't been able to find an answer to either of those points and so I think that while some cultural cues exist, it isn't the main reason for the ratio differences and doesn't need to be address to fix the issue.

replies(2): >>pthrea+pG >>pseuda+dM
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17. pthrea+pG[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 16:47:23
>>Veelox+dw
I think a major issue with CS in particular is that the numbers have actually gone down significantly in the past few decades:

> Before 1970, women took between 10% and 15% of computer science bachelor’s degrees. By the early 1980s, the number rose to 37%. However, the trend began to reverse in 1985. In 2013, 18% of bachelor’s degrees in computing were earned by women. Part of this decline is due to the fact that computer science became a male-identified field. But during the 1990s, hiring practices also began to favor men, according to the AAUW study, and “the creation of professional organizations, networks, and hierarchies” that supported the entry of men into the field helped pushed women out. In fact, as the study notes, once employed in the field, women are more likely to leave than men. They tend to suffer from isolation.

http://fortune.com/2015/03/26/report-the-number-of-women-ent...

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18. jentho+oL[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 17:24:48
>>bitL+Bl
My comment was in response to your initial point that "“Many girls decide at around age 12 ... to get a husband that will do all the heavy lifting". I don't think it's because they're "smarter" because in the long run it costs them opportunity, power, wealth, etc that people in the workforce acquire over time. There might be an element related to a partnership at home, but as Sandberg points out in Lean In, this should affect women's decisions in their 30s, not their decisions about their college major when they're 18.

I'm a female founder who majored in CS and left my PM job at Google to start a company, so I have "observed the choices" of many young females considering engineering. It's not enough to say that "women are just choosing the wrong thing" - we need to find the underlying cause of those choices if we want to shift the demographics.

replies(1): >>bitL+rP
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19. pseuda+dM[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 17:30:25
>>Veelox+dw
Believing that cultural cues are a major factor doesn't mean believing the natural ratio is 50/50.

The current ratio varies widely between STEM fields.

It would be helpful to understand how the culture came to accept women as lawyers and doctors, but why would that be necessary to identify cultural factors as a reason for the imbalance in CS?

replies(1): >>Veelox+HN
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20. Veelox+HN[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 17:41:24
>>pseuda+dM
> It would be helpful to understand how the culture came to accept women as lawyers and doctors, but why would that be necessary to identify cultural factors as a reason for the imbalance in CS?

It is necessary because the question "What cultural factors cause the imbalance in CS?" presupposes that cultural factors caused the imbalance. The whole point of bringing up that more gender equal countries have larger differences in ratios is to highlight a strong piece of evidence that this is not the case.

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21. bitL+rP[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-15 17:53:54
>>jentho+oL
Couple of points:

- I can't take Sheryl seriously; she's not a prototype of a woman that risks a lot to achieve success and her dating advices IMO just poison the well to most regular women, as not many men contemplating serious relationship want to have anything with women following her advices

- from my personal experience of running multiple companies, I once offered significant equity in an e-commerce startup to a woman as one of two founders. Her reaction was that once the company nets $1M, I can give her 50% stake. This risk aversion is the norm. I have only one counter-example of a female CFO that was driven to succeed against all odds.

- young males are now seriously disadvantaged; they have to be like 50% better than females to even get to interview stage in most lucrative tech companies. This is obviously not sustainable nor fair and a backlash is mounting. Either they completely drop out of society, or become associated with extremist male-only movements. This is very troubling and a waste of potential.

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22. natch+G34[view] [source] [discussion] 2018-02-17 02:02:11
>>Sidiou+X
>This was precisely addressed in the article. It goes by the name of micro-aggression.

No. As I said above to another person who also made the same mistake:

They only describe it in the context of the workplace and in degree-granting institutions, not in earlier schools or in the home where minds are in their formative stages. It’s microagression for sure, but they are overlooking the more powerful instances of it.

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