Yes, your body will compensate somewhat for caloric deficit, and yes, when you gain enough fat mass your adipocytes will divide, creating more/stronger hunger signals that encourage weight gain moreso than someone who was never obese.
But your body is not magic. If you feed it a sufficiently low amount of calories, it has to break down energy stores, e.g. fat, to make up the difference in energy requirements.
That is a very interesting question.
> your body is not magic.
But it is a complex, highly adaptable system. The simplistic formula of calorie input = output is highly misleading.
> If you feed it a sufficiently low amount of calories
Sure, if you starve yourself, you'll start transitioning to dust pretty soon.