Can you run a business if you're not on Google Maps?
What I hear from the marketing folks I work with is that these days it’s less about Google and more “if you’re not advertising on Facebook, you’re not advertising.” (US centric perspective.)
To answer your question, though, Visa doesn't process payments for the dozen or so cannabis shops in my town and they are all thriving. I'm not saying it's common, or easy, but the answer is yes.