You wrote "I kind of get both sides here", but, to be clear, this is the polar opposite of both the WEI proposal and Apple's thing, both of which go to some lengths to not allow identification of actual humans (they focus on proving that the device is legit).
The next step is barely a step.
If you require some kind of authentication process to prove your identity, it doesn't matter whether your device has TPM-supported device attestation or not. If Apple or Google wanted to do that, they already have the in-browser infrastructure for it in the form of login with Apple or login with Google. Making such a thing anonymous for third parties (so they just know it's a human, rather than which human) would be trivial.