Those are caused mainly by cars. Take away the cars and there’s a lot more space and fresh air for everyone.
Density of people brings those three annoyances, cars or no cars.
I think most people's - even a lot of Dutch people's - experience is getting off at Centraal and walking to some bar in the centre, or going through the shopping areas, and then extrapolating that to everywhere else in the city so all they imagine is that busyness.