Transponders are in planes mostly for safety. Their automated dissemination is part of the safety mechanisms of that transport medium and putting up with them (when required) is part of the privilege of using that public good. Similar to requiring drivers licenses to drive.
For one thing, it's different because there is no law that cars need an active transponder while operating.
But cars do have a license plate anyone is free to look at while they drive by so in that sense it's the same.
This is certainly not true in Europe, and in the US there's generally zero restrictions on publicly sharing any kind of PII.