Can your neighbors also prevent you from putting your children sculpture or garden gnome in your garden because it's not up to their grand standards?
Neighborhood are often managed by a Home Owners Association (HOA). So, not codified laws, just a contract/rules you sign when you buy/rent in that area.
Outside an HOA (typically older or rural homes), you can often do what you want.
Inside an HOA (most suburban development since the 70s), you get rules that span from reasonable to crazy, but as a resident you know the rules up front.
Towns can have some of these rules too, but the detailed “don’t do X” that make the news are almost always HOA things.
In the primary example in the article, it sounds like there isn’t a rule, just neighbors complaining. The women correctly told them to piss off.
Putting indoor furniture outdoors is inappropriate as it isn't made for outdoor use. It will grow mold and rot and fall apart and it will become a nest for rodents and attract insect colonies that can spread everywhere. It will smell bad and reflects poorly on those that live nearby. I wouldn't buy a home in an area where I saw something like that. If you were to poll my neighborhood (granted the average home is over $1,000,000) I guarantee everyone would agree. Even where I grew up which was very blue color, you wouldn't see anything like this and you could be certain a neighbor would have a talk with you if you tried.
We don't live like that.