Here we mean mathematical biases.
For example, a good mathematical model will correctly tell you that people in Japan (geographical term) are more likely to be Japanese (ethnic / racial bias). That's not "objectively morally bad", but instead, it's "correct".
1. that comes from a report from 2006.
2. it’s a misreading, it means “Japanese citizens”, and the government in fact doesn’t track ethnicity at all.
Also, the last time I was in Japan (Jan ‘20) there were literally ten times more immigrants everywhere than my previous trip. Japan is full of immigrants from the rest of Asia these days. They all speak perfect Japanese too.