> Most banks in Germany, Austria and Portugal default to Play Store or App Store apps with OS integrity checks. It seems like the Nordic countries have it a bit better with the ID reader apps. There are sometimes alternatives and some of them require paid subscription.
Most banks? Do you have evidence? AFAIK many (and certainly the most used) German banks (Sparkasse, Commerzbank, Hypovereinsbank) allow chiptan which does not require a smartphone.