So it's really Go vs. Java, or you can take a performance hit and use Erlang (valid choice for some tasks but not all), or take a chance on a novel paradigm/unsupported language.
That's 6 languages, a non-exhaustive list of them, that are either properly mainstream and more popular than Go or at least well-known and easy to obtain and get started with. All of which have concurrency baked in and well-supported (unlike, say, C).
EDIT: And one more thing, all but Elixir are older than Go, though Clojure only slightly. So prior art was there to learn from.