I have a recollection that Intel used to do this when Andy Grove was in charge. There was a fair amount of noise about them 'spending through the recession': building FABs and other plant so that when the recession ended they'd be in a great place to take advantage of the increased demand. Sadly, I can't recall exactly which depression this was about.
Looking at Andy Grove's wikpedia page it could be that the above reflects his focus on "strategic inflection points"
So Intel used to do it once, but now, not so much