"We used an antimicrotubular agent (parbendazole) and disrupted microtubular dynamics in paramecium to see if microtubules are an integral part of information storage and processing in paramecium’s learning process. We observed that a partial allosteric modulator of GABA (midazolam) could disrupt the learning process in paramecium, but the antimicrotubular agent could not. Therefore, our results suggest that microtubules are probably not vital for the learning behavior in P. caudatum. Consequently, our results call for a further revisitation of the microtubular information processing hypothesis."