The first modern thing like this that I can recall is the 2011 Android-based Motorola Atrix phone[1] that presented a DeX-like desktop (well before DeX!).
It used an Ubuntu-based desktop. It was really, really good, but never got traction.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/de...
I feel like this is something that could spur Windows/Windows Phone adoption in modern times.
But when you kill the non-PC platforms, you're just left with a reduced capability version of windows apps