zlacker

Are demographics controlled for here? We know the proportion of foreign born has been increasing since the 70s, are these results attempting to remove the effect of non-native speakers?

>>typewi+(OP)
There's another, more global research: https://www.afterbabel.com/p/the-edtech-revolution-has-faile...

>>typewi+(OP)
>foreign born

Its probably more useful to distinguish between foreign educated vs born here.

Interestingly the last stats I remember seeing about ESL students is they tend to out-perform english students in a number of subjects depending on the age group, so factoring them out might lower the overall stats and show an even worse trend among native born english speaking American students.