zlacker

You say support, I say coercion. There is no federalism in China. It's all mandated, even if the language used is ambiguous enough to be interpreted as voluntary, policy in China is never discretionary when orders come down from above.

(Technically there's no federal government, period. There's just the bureaucracy and the party. The party's leadership determines policy, the bureaucracy carries it out. Local decisionmaking exists when micromanagement reaches its limits, and ultimately it is a system of gap-filling. Or, in a sense, it's a system that the 9th and 10th Amendments of the US Constitution anticipated and therefore needed to be addressed, 200 years early)

>>jimz+(OP)
> There is no federalism in China

Yes there de facto is, especially due to the post-Mao reforms.

If you want to dig into how Chinese federalism works, I'd recommend these sources [0][1]

[0] - https://cjil.uchicago.edu/print-archive/cooperative-federali...

[1] - https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262534246/how-reform-worked-in-...