Two major examples,
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMS34010
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RenderMan_Shading_Language
Also in DirectX 8, it wasn't as we know them today, because Assembly was the only programming language.
Nowadays CUDA does C, C++, Fortran, Python JIT in the box, and has partner collaborations for Haskell, Java, Julia, C#.