If we want to “change the introduction of new chemical compounds to our environment at a mass scale”, what do we… do? We can require more research before something is offered up to the market, there’s dimensioning returns on research. The only way you’ll know FOR SURE that something is harmless is universal consumption, after many decades.
Now, I am taking you saying “ensure that [new materials] are safe” to mean, we stop fucking up entirely. That’s probably not what you really mean. More publicly funded research to LIMIT harm further than we currently do, is a noble goal! Most nations have some entity that researches new drugs/additives/products before going to market. Greater funding (harder to bribe) and power (full power to stop untested substances being used) for those is a good step.
But humanity will keep poisoning itself, no silver bullet there.