It just turns out that they had far too little data and that in real-world conditions they weren't anywhere near the 90+% claimed effectiveness.
Even so, the latest population-level research still suggests that the vaccines were 50-60% effective at preventing Covid-19 entirely, at least for some months.
There simply is no data to prove they ever prevented transmission. The trials were the best place to prove that, and they DIDN'T EVEN BOTHER TO TRY.