How do you ideally compute this average? You take the simultaneous temperature measurement at every point on Earth and take the average. Obviously that is not possible.
What do you do instead? You put together temperature readings where they exist, satellite data, coupled with past data and behaviors to make an estimate for the average temperature. How else could you possibly do it.
[1] https://docs.house.gov/meetings/SY/SY00/20160202/104399/HHRG...