And if you feel like rolling out the "welcome friend!" doormat to a particular training data crawler, you are free to dedicate as detailed a robots.txt block as you like to its user agent header of choice. No new conventions needed, everything is already on place.
It would also be useful to distinguish training crawlers from indexing crawlers. Maybe I'm publishing personal content. It's useful for me to have it indexed for search, but I don't want an AI to be able to simulate me or my style.