There's nothing that keeps a medical provider from going old school.
Unless I'm completely overlooking something... It may have snuck in with ACA.
The basic guiding principle in force since HIPAA in 1996 is that patients, not providers, control access to their medical records regardless of whether those are stored on paper or in an EHR. If the patient authorizes sharing those records with another healthcare organization then the provider can charge a small fee for that service but they can't introduce additional spurious technical requirements on the receiving system.