For focusing on the world's most important problems in effective ways, please look into 80,000 Hours (an organization named after the approximate number of hours of work in a typical life-long career).
>>yboris+(OP)
I strongly second this; their guides and advice have helped me focus my career and delve into potentially high impact pathways. They do skew a bit longtermist (think AI safety), but they have guides and jobs for all sorts of high impact roles.