Concrete not starting to decay until 50 years has passed is the exception, not the rule.
Unreinforced concrete can and does last for many hundred years. Reinforced concrete, not so much.
FTA:
“Early 20th-century engineers thought reinforced concrete structures would last a very long time – perhaps 1,000 years. In reality, their life span is more like 50-100 years, and sometimes less. Building codes and policies generally require buildings to survive for several decades, but deterioration can begin in as little as 10 years.”
The kind of concrete they use in buildings is not the same as the concrete they use in sidewalks.
One of the reasons unreinforced concrete may last a lot longer is because its only going to exist in places that don't subject it to tensile stresses. That being said, changes like differential settling can create these stresses after construction.
'Deterioration' can mean many things in terms of concrete.
As for decay, IIUC, it loses pH gradually, from the time you mix it, and that pH is the most important protecting factor that stops the steel from rusting.
Obviously though, a lot of factors have a huge factor on lifetime, including composition, construction, environmental conditions ...
It’s rarely physics, almost always economics.
Physics, economics, and bureaucratics is a good summary of structural engineering. The last one can’t be ignored.