First of all, the Geneva Conventions (plural) are about treatment of prisoners of war, not agents or munitions used.
Your given link refers to the Chemical Weapons convention, but its scope is specific to wartime use between combatants.
The Hague convention has munitions provisions, but the USA is not a signatory.
I linked to the CWC because that is the relevant international convention allowing for the use of tear gas in non-military contexts. IOW, the GP creates the ban, but the CWC provides an exception.)