zlacker

Grover's algorithm lets you search an unsorted list of four elements with just one "is this thing in the list?" query. Classically, of course, it requires four queries.

More precisely, given f: 2^n -> {0,1} which is guaranteed to hit 1 exactly once, Grover finds the one input which hits 1, and it does so using about 2^{n/2} queries of f; but the constants happen to line up so that when n=2, exactly one query is required.