I am actually a little surprised that iOS would gather this information. What use would it serve?
Generally speaking, Apple is drastically better about location services privacy. For instance, Apple Maps does not tie any location data nor direction requests to your Apple ID, and regularly rotates identifiers for devices used by the service: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212039
The original concern was caused because iOS would still activate location services and display the icon during these checks, even if you had turned location services off completely in settings.