zlacker

Sutherland figured out how graphic interaction ought to work, with the computer recognizing near points and connecting them. What we now call "snap". He had the key idea of CAD - you can draw with more accuracy if the computer helps.

That demo is running on the MIT TX-0, a transistorized version of Whirlwind and the predecessor of the PDP-1. It was somewhat obsolete at that point, so projects like this could get time on it.

>>Animat+(OP)
He brushes over the zoom out, which I think was pretty impressive for a computer of this time. There is a lot of redrawing/recalculating going on there. Would be impressive on a 80s microcomputer.

>>Animat+(OP)
Sutherland started programming on the TX-0, which was widely accessible on the MIT campus, but Sketchpad was definitely done on the big gun, the TX-2, which was still inside Lincoln Laboratories. (Sutherland's uncle-in-law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Getting helped get him into Lincoln Labs. See https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/10273819... .) There's an active TX-2 emulation project at the moment https://tx-2.github.io/ , which has the primary goal of getting Sketchpad running.

>>depend+D5
No, rendering to a vector display (hardware whose primitive operations are points and lines) is almost free for the kind of drawings he was rendering. Zoom is just one linear transformation on each point in the model, no different from panning the view.

>>Animat+(OP)
Constraints as well, you can hear him talking about them at 8:20, this is fundamental to CAD programs.

>>d-us-v+Cr
I mean, the panning was pretty impressive at the time as well. In Sutherland's 1994 "Bay Area Computer History Perspectives" talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_cevebLO-A&list=PLKTTWvMgeg... he points out flickering or 'jumping' due to the processor burden of rescaling in a number of places in the Sketchpad demo video, including at 42:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_cevebLO-A&list=PLKTTWvMgeg... and at 50:10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_cevebLO-A&list=PLKTTWvMgeg... .

>>ulnark+Mw
The company I worked for in the early 80’s was in the market for a CAD system, and they all had constraint systems in the UI, and showed them in the demos.

>>cardif+I71
CAD people got this a long time ago, but, unfortunately, HTML people never did. Layout is a 2D constraint problem, but HTML/CSS approaches it as a procedural problem, partly because early browsers were so compute and bandwidth constrained.