Intuitively you would think that the tide is being formed because the Moon is "lifting up" the water at the point closest to the Moon. But this contribution is actually very miniscule to the tidal effect. Instead the bulk of the tides are produced about 45 degrees away where the tidal force is parallel to the Earth's surface. This has the effect of dragging the water closer to the tidal bulge.
Basically, a summation of sinusoids.
Any talk of tide prediction should always mention xtide:
I've used it with great accuracy in a number of locations around the world.
Another one of those free software packages that's been meticulously maintained by one person for decades...
Title: The Most Powerful Computers You've Never Heard Of
And when they're the "most lined up" you get the "King Tide."
(92 comments)
Also https://content.teachastronomy.com/taweb/images/textbook/hrt...
Inlining my comment that I had posted there:
The problem of predicting tides was so important that it attracted many Physics and Maths heavy weights. You can well imagine how important predicting tides would have been for D-day landing. One related fascinating historical artifact is the special purpose analogue computer designed by Lord Kelvin in the 1860s based on Fourier series, harmonic analysis. Think difference engine in it's cogs and cams glory, but special purpose.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide-predicting_machine
Possibly one of the first examples of Machine learning, with Machine in capital 'M'. It incorporated recent tidal observations to update it's prediction.
Note that sinusoids are universal approximators for a large class of functions, an honour that is by no means restricted to deep neural nets.
George Darwin (Charles Darwin's son) was a significant contributor in the design and upgrade of the machine.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Darwin
Other recognizable names who worked on tide prediction problem were Thomas Young (of double slit experiment fame) and Sir George Airy (of Airy disk fame).
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/121830/does-eart...
Why are the syzygy tidal coefficients equal when the quadrature tidal coefficients are at opposite extremes? Why are the syzygy coefficients at opposite extremes when the others are equal? Who can explain this using the laws of universal gravitation?
Her point is that you can't.
Earlier in that interview she says: I was put in touch with the Institut de Physique du Globe [2]. In April 1953, I met with Professor Coulomb [3], who was the director at the time, and asked him about the ionic variations that might occur during the lunar phases. His formal response was that there were none. However, I had already been observing them for some time. I must say that in 1953 I had already begun to observe the phenomenon of the tides. Being told that, apart from a minimum of atmospheric ionization at 4 a.m., there is nothing else that can have an impact on the biological, human, or other levels, I said: but there is the phenomenon of the tides! And that's when I got this response, which marked a break with the scientific community for me:
The phenomenon of the tides is a phenomenon that is beyond us. We waste our time when we take an interest in phenomena that are beyond us. If you don't want to waste yours, focus on other things.
Jeanne Rousseau demonstrated through observation that tidal phenomena are not solely gravitational but primarily electromagnetic. One can read more about this in English in this paper [4].
[1] https://youtu.be/ytWerrYTBLs
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_Physique_du_Globe_...
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Coulomb
[4] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384443419_Cosmic_Re...
It took most of this summer to get my tide clock to predict accurately, using NOAA harmonic constituents data crammed into an Arduino, a GPS module, and published formulas.
Take a look:
The truth of the matter is that the Arabic and muslim are the master of the sea during this so called "dark ages" time, and many advancement has been made from navigation gear of the Arabic astrolobe to the Idrisi map.
In tide prediction Al-Kindi for example, has notable work on tides in his seminal book Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb back in 9th CE [1],[2].
[1]al-Kindi:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi
[2] Al-Kindi:
