Having to rebase again and again is a symptom that a dev branch is living for too long.
And, as others have pointed out, the modern solution is `--update-refs`, so there's no need for complicated workflows any more anyway.
If you mean rebasing as each PR in the stack is merged, most Git platforms have the ability to do that automatically.
A rebase before a merge can always happen, of course. But there are not stacked commits then it is just a standard rebase of your small chunk and that's it. And this will also have a shorter life than a stack so rebases will be rarer and simpler.
This is quite orthogonal to developing parts serially or not, and it is perfectly fine to change or refactor ealier parts when you work on later parts. Development is an iterative process.
It seems to me that "stacked diffs" are an example of looking for a technical solution to process issue.