Sure. Now do cooling. That this isn't in the "key challenges" section makes this pretty non-serious.
A surprising amount of the ISS is dedicated to this, and they aren't running a GPU farm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Active_Thermal_Contro...
This is not the 1960s. Today, if you have an idea for doing something in space, you can start by scoping out the details of your mission plan and payload requirements, and then see if you can solve it with parts off a catalogue.
(Of course there's million issues that will crop up when actually designing and building the spacecraft, but that's too low level for this kind of paper, which just notes that (the authors believe) the platform requirements fall close enough to existing systems to not be worth belaboring.)
So they wouldn't have the burden of cooling it down first, like on earth? Instead being able to rely on the cold out there, as long as it stays in the shadow, or is otherwise isolated from sources of heat? Again, with less mess to deal with, like on earth? Since it's fucking cold up there already? And depending on the ratio of superconducting logic vs. conventional CMOS or whatever, less need to cool that, because superconducting stuff emits less heat, and the remaining 'smartphony' stuff is easy to deal with?
If I had those resorces at hand, I'd try.