It’s faster than Node or Python, with a better type system than either. It’s got a much easier learning curve than Rust. It has a good stdlib and tooling. Simple syntax with usually only one way to do things. Error handling has its problems but I still prefer it over Node, where a catch clause might receive just about anything as an “error”.
Am I missing a language that does this too or more? I’m not a Go fanatic at all, mostly written Node for backends in my career, but I’ve been exploring Go lately.
Given Python's substantial improvements recently, I would put it far ahead of the structural typing done in Go, personally.
Python, for a number of years at this point, has had structural (!) pattern matching with unpacking, type-checking baked in, with exhaustiveness checking (depending on the type checker you use). And all that works at "type-check time".
It can also facilitate type-state programming through class methods.
Libraries like Pydantic are fantastic in their combination of ergonomics and type safety.
The prime missing piece is sum types, which need language-level support to work well.
Go is simplistic in comparison.