It’s faster than Node or Python, with a better type system than either. It’s got a much easier learning curve than Rust. It has a good stdlib and tooling. Simple syntax with usually only one way to do things. Error handling has its problems but I still prefer it over Node, where a catch clause might receive just about anything as an “error”.
Am I missing a language that does this too or more? I’m not a Go fanatic at all, mostly written Node for backends in my career, but I’ve been exploring Go lately.
Anyway, assuming you're talking about TypeScript, I'm surprised to hear that you prefer Go's type system to TypeScript's. There are definitely cases where you can get carried away with TypeScript types, but due to that expressiveness I find it much more productive than Go's type system (and I'd make the same argument for Rust vs. Go).
Regarding Typescript, I actually am a big fan of it, and I almost never write vanilla JS anymore. I feel my team uses it well and work out the kinks with code review. My primary complaint, though, is that I cannot trust any other team to do the same, and TS supports escape hatches to bypass or lie about typing.
I work on a project with a codebase shared by several other teams. Just this week I have been frustrated numerous times by explicit type assertions of variables to something they are not (`foo as Bar`). In those cases it’s worse than vanilla JS because it misleads.