While there's some things in this I find myself nodding along to in this, I can't help but feel it's an a really old take that is super vague and hand-wavy. The truth is that all of the progress on machine learning is absolutely science. We understand extremely well how to make neural networks learn efficiently; it's why the data leads anywhere at all. Backpropagation and gradient descent are extraordinarily powerful. Not to mention all the "just engineering" of making chips crunch incredible amounts of numbers.
Chomsky is extremely ungenerous to the progress and also pretty flippant about what this stuff can do.
I think we should probably stop listening to Chomsky; he hasn't said anything here that he hasn't already say a thousand times for decades.