If you'd like to avoid shipping a giant geojson, with the generosity of CDN providers you can actually hit the npm-hosting servers with HTTP Range requests and do this completely on demand from the client: https://github.com/kevmo314/browser-geo-tz
So I guess it's a bit of a lie that it's only geojson :)
The way it works is you load the index file which contains the large regions (in other words, the first level or two of the quad tree) and if the time zone can't be resolved, it relies on querying the data file which is actually a multi-record protobuf file so you can load the specific range of data you're looking for. The algorithm is here: https://github.com/evansiroky/node-geo-tz/blob/master/src/fi...
Here's the step that resolves individual tree nodes: https://github.com/kevmo314/browser-geo-tz/blob/main/src/fin...