I usually expose ports like `127.0.0.1:1234:1234` instead of `1234:1234`. As far as I understand, it still punches holes this way but to access the container, an attacker would need to get a packet routed to the host with a spoofed IP SRC set to `127.0.0.1`. All other solutions that are better seem to be much more involved.
At this point docker should be considered legacy technology, podman is the way to go.
But regardless of software used, it would have led to the same conclusion, a vulnerable service running on the open internet.