On paper a well-funded 401k is better. You don't have to worry about the fund collapsing. You're safer against inflation. And your money doesn't disappear when you die. Etc.
12% matching is an insanely good deal for people smart enough to use it well. But you are going to have people who make really bad choices end up in a lurch. So it's a higher-ceiling/lower-floor range of outcomes for each individual.
I am pretty sure you did not mean it this way, but you're absolutely right.
The pensions that were granted in the 50s and 60s and not funded have left an enormous debt for many companies that the federal government will have to make good.
Even today, the pensions of many police and firemen are underwater and not likely to be solvent.
So pensions are great for company managers who really don't ever plan to fund them properly.
And don't get me started on social security.