They're both just tactics used to decieve.
The internet is this amazing tool for building knowledge and we seen to be arguing about who is allowed to tell lies rather than collaborating on how to discover truth.
It's simple basic things like citing sources that need to become norms.
The solution is for each participant to think critically of their beliefs. There is no way to make that happen. Moderation is the next best thing.
You already get people citing things they clearly haven't read, but again, that's still better than not even citing something as it gives a basis to work towards the truth.