Is there a sane easy way to implement authentication? Last Time I tried iirc my options were LDAP or nil.
Under NFSv4, direct uid/gid is no longer used, but the RPC.idmapd process determines privilege. I'm not really sure how it works beyond continuing to work when uid/gid synchronization is in place for NFSv3 and the connection is upgraded.
There is also an NFS ACL standard, but I don't know anything about it.
Technically the server doesn't need to have a UID/GID database that's aligned with the client, what's required is that all clients of the same server are aligned. The server will take the numerical UID/GIDs from the RPC sent by the client and perform Posix style permission checks using the owner UID, owner GID, and mode bits stored in the inode of the file or directory. The server doesn't need to known what user the UID corresponds to.