Finding such organizations is easier now than ever, since GiveWell has been working on this problem for over a decade: https://www.givewell.org/
And 10% seems like a good amount to give to charity - join the thousands of others already doing it: https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/
The amount of good money can do is tremendous. For example, $3 donated to AMF (Against Malaria Foundation) results in a distribution of an anti-mosquito bednet protecting about 2 people from malaria for 3-4 years (evidence shows: prevents transmission, decreases malaria incidence in the area; kids don't miss school, parents avoid loss of income due to sickness; prevents death, and other good things).
As best as I could tell when I last checked, GiveWell's one metric is life years added/dollar. That's a great goal, to the point where it feels selfish to care about anything else, but when I look at my local community I do also want to know: What charities are most cost-effective at solving the local housing crisis, or preventing the disproportionate number of deaths for <minority group X> in the community, or helping refugees get back on their feet, etc.?
https://www.effectivealtruism.org/
ps - A humble thought. As tempting as it is to help within one's community, it's worthwhile to recognize that given the inequality in the world, and that it's just a luck-accident that you were born in this community rather than another, and that it very likely is the case that you can do a lot more good by focusing on individuals living in less-well-off-areas than what is nearby, it is good to reflect and see if you'd be willing to direct some of your philanthropic actions towards the more-effective endeavors.
There is nothing you can teach for people to avoid malaria at night - mosquitos enter the house and bite you.
Importantly, consider the costs involved: $3 protects 2 people for 4 years. Can you think of a "teach them something" intervention that would provide as much good for the same amount of money?