>>bjourn+6f
AFAIK the XDG spec isn't a thing on macOS, so you get those CLI utilities written by devs on their fancy Macbook Pro that pollute your home directory, such as Deno, Doom Emacs, Elixir, Rust/Cargo, Kubernetes, npm, vscode, etc.
>>sph+Xg
It's inconsistent, but certainly some programs adhere to XDG on macos. I've got pretty healthy looking ~/.config and ~/.local directories, and it's not all just my own stuff.