I like my SF very hard ("Incandescence" by Greg Egan is roughly where I'd say I'm comfortable, a plausible mechanism by which a pre-industrial civilisation might discover general relativity, that novel made me cry at the end) but even when he's being totally whimsical I really enjoyed Lem.
That aside,
I just have a regular understanding of most fields in science. I know a bit here and there. More astronomy.
My field is computer science, so I have some knowledge there.
What I wonder about is if the average scifi reader expects or even could tell if something is "science" and not fantasy. Huge absurd things of course.
I have read so many different descriptions on how FTL works. I dont think (ignorance on my part) that we have a solid theory for how it can be done.
- Warping of space/time (or higher dimension),
- "portals" left by "an ancient civilization"(that sort of evades the issue)
- wormholes
- "Taming a god"
- through special cracks in space/time that only a special navigator (species) can feel.
- improbability drive (I do love Douglas Adams).
and many more.
When you read can you take the existence of FTL on just being there, do you reject the ideas fully, or do you judge it on its merits if the description extrapolates current knowledge into a future where we can FTL? (if ever)
I think hard sci-fi requires that the book universe has consistent rules and the book focuses on their consequences, while soft sci-fi focuses on stories and the rules are unspecified or don't drive the plot.
The rules don't need to be what we currently think about our universe for the book to be hard sci-fi.