1. SELECT item_id WHERE expire = 0. If this is empty, no items are available.
2. UPDATE SET expire = some_future_time WHERE item_id = $selected_item_id AND expire = 0. Then check whether UPDATE affected any rows. If it did, item_id is yours. If not, loop. If the database has a sane optimizer it'll note at most one document needs locking as the primary id is given.
All this needs is a very weak property: document level atomic UPDATE which can return whether it changed anything. (How weak? MongoDB could do that in 2009.)
Source code at https://git.drupalcode.org/project/drupal/-/blob/9.2.x/core/... (We cooked this up for Drupal in 2009 but I am reasonably sure we didn't invent anything new.)
Of course, this is not the fastest job queue there is but it is quite often good enough.
This is unfortunately the status quo in the slightly less ideal universe than “seemed like a good idea at the time”
Use SQS or RabbitMQ or something.
Edit: Also if you’re using something SQL for queues you’re going to have to build out your monitoring stack yourself based on your implementation rather than suck up a metrics endpoint with queue stats or pull from cloudwatch.
Is contention with the application your only objection? That’s pretty weak.
What’s the real compelling reason not to use a database? You haven’t said.
Not to mention numerous database administrators crying into their cups of coffee.
Enough?
Like I said 20 years of people fucking this up is my experience.
Databases actually work fine as a queue but emotionally you don’t like it. That’s fine it’s just not real strong objections.
What you have not said is “it physically does not work”, and that’s because it does work fine.