For instance, I would consider it a much bigger privacy violation for my phone to transmit my exact location every hour than my current CPU usage every 10 seconds.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203033
They do send nearly WiFi hotspots for crowd sourcing purposes but it is never in conjunction with your local IP address (which is an identifying piece of information).
Apple does not explicitly "send" the user's IP address. It naturally is accessible on their end as a result of the TCP/IP protocol. But Apple has made quite clear that it does not use that information in any way.
Local IP isn't identifying, but it's a weird thing to include. And the paper clearly shows that being sent to Apple.
> Later during the startup process the local IP address of the handset (i.e. not of the gateway, but of the handset itself) is sent in a POST request to /lcdn-locator.apple.com: POST https://lcdn-locator.apple.com/lcdn/locate Headers User-Agent: AssetCacheLocatorService/111 CFNetwork /1128.0.1 Darwin/19.6.0 POST body {"locator-tag":"#eefc633e","local-addresses":[" 192.168.2.6"],"ranked-results":true,"locator-software":[{" build":"17G80","type":"system","name":"iPhone OS","version ":"13.6.1"},{"id":"com.apple.AssetCacheLocatorService"," executable":"AssetCacheLocatorService",<...>
So no the article isn't wrong. I suggest you give the paper a read (or at least a skim) if you're going to try and claim they are wrong about something.