Every article on "Where do stock prices come from?" seems to just talk at a high level about supply and demand.
But where does the price come from at a nitty-gritty level? Is it an average of all existing offers or something?
Do different exchanges and stock-ticker websites have different formula for calculating share price?
If a very low-volume stock is listed at $4, and then I offer to buy a share for $100, does the NYSE suddenly start listing its price at $100?
Long answer: You need to understand how the Limit Order Book works. I wrote up something about this here [1]. It also goes into different definitions of price.
> If a very low-volume stock is listed at $4, and then I offer to buy a share for $100, does the NYSE suddenly start listing its price at $100?
If you trade actually absorbs the order book and pushes the asks to $100 then yes, that could be case depending on the exchange, but I'm not sure about NYSE specifically. Most likely that could never happen due to various hidden order types and HFT market makers though.
[1] https://www.tradientblog.com/2020/03/understanding-the-limit...